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Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) means the practices, representations, expressions, knowledge, and skills that communities, groups, and, in some cases, individuals recognize as part of their cultural heritage (2003 Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage, Article 2.1). It is living heritage, transmitted from generation to generation and constantly recreated in response to communities\u2019 environment, interaction with nature, and history, providing a sense of identity and continuity (Article 2.1).<\/p>\n
ICH is \u201cintangible\u201d because it is primarily about know how and meaning, yet it is often linked to material elements such as instruments, objects, artefacts, and cultural spaces associated with those living expressions (Article 2.1).<\/p>\n
The Convention identifies, among others, the following domains of ICH (Article 2.2):<\/p>\n
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Under the Convention, only ICH that is compatible with existing international human rights instruments, respects communities and individuals, and meets the requirements of sustainable development is considered for safeguarding (Article 2.1).<\/p>\n
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Safeguarding means the measures aimed at ensuring the viability of ICH, including identification, documentation, research, preservation, protection, promotion, enhancement, transmission through formal and non formal education, and revitalization (Article 2.3). The purpose is not to \u201cfreeze\u201d heritage, but to support its continued practice and transmission as living heritage (Articles 2.1 and 2.3).<\/p>\n
The Convention sets out key objectives: to safeguard ICH, ensure respect for the ICH of communities and individuals, raise awareness of its importance, and strengthen international cooperation and assistance (Article 1).<\/p>\n
Safeguarding is most effective when communities are at the centre. States Parties are called to take necessary measures to ensure safeguarding, while identifying and defining ICH in their territories with the participation of communities, groups, and relevant non governmental organizations (Article 11). Inventories are a practical tool to support safeguarding actions (Article 12). Measures also include adopting appropriate policies and supporting studies, education, and capacity building (Articles 13 and 14). The Convention explicitly emphasizes the widest possible participation of communities, groups, and individuals in managing ICH and involving them actively in safeguarding (Article 15).<\/p>\n
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