Insegnamento
ETRUSCOLOGY
Docente
MARIA CRISTINA BIELLA
The students will gain a wide overview of Etruscan culture and will acquire knowledge about Etruscan urbanism in the first millennium BC with particular regard to the relationship between the Etruscan cities and Rome.
Since the first centuries of the first millennium BC, a considerable part of ancient Etruria was organized in cities, each with a territory of pertinence and specific, independent political orientations. The analysis of the urbanization of the region, i.e., the long period during which those urban entities developed, is one of the main issues that scholars have been debating over the last 20 years. However, the analysis of the development of those urban forms through the centuries has remained more obscure, and only recently has new interest arisen in the detailed analysis of the phenomenon of the urbanism of the region. After a short introduction to the Etruscan world (Topic 1), the course will investigate the issue of urbanism in ancient Etruria both from a theoretical and from a more data-based point of view (Topic 2). Issues such as the changing relations between the categories of the public and the private spheres, with particular regard to the interactions between the city of the living and the city of the dead, the monumentalization of sacred areas and the different methods used for management and control of the territory by the city will be explored. A further part of the course (Topic 3) will deal with the issue of how the Etruscans developed specific urban forms outside Etruria, i.e., in the north and in the south of Italy, and a final section (Topic 4) will take into consideration the (special) relation that linked the Etruscans to Rome throughout their history.
In particular, the didactic program foresees a series of lectures, covering the following subjects:
• An Introduction to the course (lect.00)
• An Introduction to ancient Etruria: Physical Geography and Environment (lect.1)
• The Etruscans through the centuries: from the so-called Etruscheria to Etruscology (lect. 2-3)
• The “mystery” of the Etruscans: an outdated concept (lect. 4)
• A short introduction to the economic and political structure of the Etruscan region (lect. 5-6)
• Ancient Etruria: a city-state culture? (lect. 7)
• Etruscan Archaeology: what kind of sources? (lect. 8)
• The Urbanisation of Etruria (lect. 9)
• Old and new approaches to Etruscan urbanism (lect. 10-11)
• South Etruria (I): Veii and the Lower and Middle Tiber Valley (lect. 12-14)
• South Etruria (II): Caere (lect. 15-17)
• South Etruria (III): Tarquinia and Vulci (lect. 18-20)
• The urban model in Northern coastal Etruria (lect. 21)
• Marzabotto and the Etruscans of the North (lect. 22)
• Etruscan settlements in Campania (lect. 23)
• The Etruscans and Rome in the Archaic Period (lect. 24-25)
• Is the concept of “Romanization” still valid? (lect. 26)
• Etruscan cities and the Roman conquest (lect. 27-28)
• For a brief story of the “Romanization” of Etruria (lect. 29)
One of the following handbooks:
• J. MacIntosh Turfa (ed.), The Etruscan World, Routledge 2013 (pp. 1-55; 79-179; 259-350; 351-425; 457-477; 1117-1146);
• A. Naso (ed.), Etruscology, De Gruyter 2017 (pp. 11-68; 121-164; 537-722; 1239-1532);
• G. Bartoloni (a cura di), Introduzione all’Etruscologia, Milano 2012;
• G. Camporeale, Die Etrusker, Geschichte und Kultur eine rätselhaften Volkes, Düsseldorf 2003.
Three papers among the following ones:
• I.M.B. Wiman, Etruscan environments, in J. MacIntosh Turfa (ed.), The Etruscan world, London- New York 2013: 11-28.
• S. Stoddart, Etruscan Italy: Physical Geography and Environment, in S. Bell, A.A. Carpino (eds.), A Companion to the Etruscans, Chirchester 2016: 43-54.
• I. Rowland, Annius of Viterbo, in J. MacIntosh Turfa (ed.), The Etruscan world, London-New York 2013: 1117-29.
• F. De Angelis, The reception of Etruscan culture. Dempster and Buonarroti, in J. MacIntosh Turfa (ed.), The Etruscan world, London-New York 2013: 1130-35.
• M.-L. Haack. Modern approaches to Etruscan culture, in J. MacIntosh Turfa (ed.), The Etruscan world, London-New York 2013: 1136-45.
• G. Bagnasco Gianni, Massimo Pallottino’s “Origins” in perspective, in J. MacIntosh Turfa (ed.), The Etruscan world, London-New York 2013: 29-35.
• D. Briquel, Etruscan Origins and the Ancient Authors, in J. MacIntosh Turfa (ed.), The Etruscan world, London-New York 2013: 36-55.
• A. Maggiani, Republican political forms, in M. Torelli (ed.), The Etruscans, New York 2001: 227-41.
• H. Becker, Political systems and law, in J. MacIntosh Turfa (ed.), The Etruscan world, London- New York 2013: 351-72.
• A. Naso, The Etruscan Aristocracy in the Orientalising Period: Culture, Economy, Politics, M. Torelli (ed.), The Etruscans, New York 2001: 111-30.
• M.H. Hansen, Polis, An Introduction to the Ancient Greek City-State, Oxford 2006: 7-30.
• N. Purcell, Static and Dynamic: Ancient Mediterranean Urbanism, in Osborne, R., Cunliffe, B. (eds.) Mediterranean Urbanization, 800-600 BC, Oxford 2002: 249-72.
• Torelli, M. (2000) The Etruscan City-State, in M.H. Hansen (ed.), A comparative Study of Thirty City-State Cultures, Copenhagen: 189-208.
• A.M. Bietti Sestieri, The role of archaeological and historical data in the reconstruction of Italian protohistory, in Ancient Italy in its Mediterranean Setting, London 2000: 13-31;
• M. Pallottino, Proposte, miraggi, perplessità nella ricostruzione della storia etrusca, in Studi Etruschi 53, 1987: 3-16.
• R. Leighton, Urbanization in southern Etruria from the tenth to the sixth century BC: the origins and growth of major centres, in J. MacIntosh Turfa (ed.), The Etruscan World, London-New York 2013: 134-50.
• H. Damgaard Andersen, The archaeological evidence for the origin and development of the Etruscan city in the 7th and 6th centuries BC, in H. Damgaard Andersen, H.W. Hornsæs, S. Houby-Nielsen (eds.), Urbanization in the Mediterranean in the 9th to 6th centuries BC, Copenhagen 1997: 343-82.
• W. Harris, Invisible cities: the beginnings of the Etruscan urbanization, in Secondo Congresso Internazionale Etrusco, Firenze 26 maggio-2 giugno 1985, Firenze 1989: 375-89.
• G. Dennis, The cities and cemeteries of Etruria, London 1848 (a selected case).
• D.I. Redhouse, S. Stoddart, Mapping Etruscan State Formation, in N. Terrenato, D.C. Haggis (eds.), State formation in Italy and in Greece, Questioning the Neoevolutionist Paradigm, Oxford 2011: 162-78.
• T.W. Potter, The Changing Landscape of South Etruria, London 1979.
• G. Colonna, Urbanistica e architettura, in Rasenna, Storia e civiltà degli Etruschi, Milano 1986: 369-530.
• R. Cascino, H. Di Giuseppe, H.L. Patterson (eds.), Veii. The Historical Topography of the Ancient City, A restudy of John Ward-Perkins’s survey, Roma (selected parts);
• R. Cascino, U. Fusco, C. Smith (eds.), Novità nella ricerca archeologica a Veio, Dagli studi di John Ward Perkins alle ultime scoperte, Roma 2015 (selected essays).
• M. Guaitoli, Veio: osservazioni preliminari sulla topografia della città, in Atlante Tematico di Topografia Antica, 26, 2016, Roma e suburbio, strade e acquedotti, urbanistica: 177-214.
• N. Thomson de Grummond, L. Pieraccini (eds.), Caere, Austin 2016 (selected essays).
• M.P. Baglione, The sanctuary of Pyrgi, in J. MacIntosh Turfa (ed.), The Etruscan World, London- New York 2013: 613-31.
• M.P. Baglione, B. Belelli Marchesini, C. Carlucci, L.M. Michetti, Pyrgi: A Sanctuary in the Middle of the Mediterranean Sea, in Sanctuaries and Power of Consumption, Networking and the Formation of Elites in the Archaic Western Mediterranean World, Wiesbaden 2015: 221-37.
• G. Colonna, Sacred architecture and the religion of the Etruscans, in N. Thomson de Grummond, E. Simon (eds.), The religion of the Etruscans, Austin 2006: 132-68.
• G. Bagnasco Gianni, Tarquinia, Sacred areas and sanctuaries on the Civita plateau and on the coast: “Monumental complex”, Ara della Regina, Gravisca, in J. MacIntosh Turfa (ed.), The Etruscan World, London-New York 2013: 594-612.
• R. Leighton, Tarquinia, An Etruscan City, London 2004.
• M. Rendeli, Città aperte, Ambiente e paesaggio rurale organizzato nell’Etruria meridionale costiera durante l’età orientalizzante e arcaica, Roma 1993: 156-220.
• P. Perkins, Process of urban development in northern and central Etruria in the Orientalizing Period, in E.C. Robinson (ed.), Papers on Italian Urbanism in the first Millennium BC, Portsmouth- Rhode Island 2014: 63-79.
• E. Govi, Etruscan urbanism at Bologna, Marzabotto and in the Po Valley, in E.C. Robinson (ed.), Papers on Italian Urbanism in the first Millennium BC, Portsmouth-Rhode Island 2014: 81-111.
• G. Sassatelli, E. Govi, Etruria on the Po and the Adriatic, in J. MacIntosh Turfa (ed.), The Etruscan World, London-New York 2013: 281-300.
• M. Cuozzo, Etruscans in Campania, in J. MacIntosh Turfa (ed.), The Etruscan World, London-New York 2013: 301-18.
• C.J. Smith, Thinking about kings, in Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies 54 2, 2011: 21-42.
• T.J. Cornell, The beginnings of Rome: Italy and Rome from the Bronze Age to the Punic Wars (c. 1000-264 BC), London-New York 1995: 119-172.
• S. Keay, N. Terrenato (eds.), Italy and the West. Comparative Issues in Romanization, Oxford 2001 (selected essays);
• T. Stek, Material Culture, Italic Identities and the Romanization of Italy, in J. DeRose Evans (ed.), A Companion to the Archaeology of the Roman Republic, Blackwell 2013: 337-53.
• N. Thomson de Grummond, L. Pieraccini (eds.), Caere, Austin 2016 (selected essays).
• R. Laurence, Roman Archaeology for Historians, London, New-York 2012: 8-**.
• N. Terrenato, The historical Significance of Falerii Novi, in H. Patterson (ed.), Bridging the Tiber, Approaches to Regional Archaeology in the Middle Tiber Valley, London 2004: 234-5.
• V. Jolivet, A long twilight: “Romanization” of Etruria, in J. MacIntosh Turfa (ed.), The Etruscan world, London-New York 2013: 151-79.
• M. Torelli, The creation of Roman Italy: the contribution of Archaeology and the situation in Etruria, in Studies in the Romanization of Italy, Alberta 1995: 1-42.
• M. Torelli, Early into the Senate and ties with the Italian territory of origin: Regio VII (Etruria), in Studies in the Romanization of Italy, Alberta 1995: 42-77.
The teaching activity and learning process is based on the combination of:
1) 30 video-lectures (lect. 00-29) (the professor presents the course contents, in a way similar to classroom frontal teaching, supported by slides).
2) Individual study: each student has to read one of the handbooks and 3 papers (see the lists above).
3) Interactive activity: preparation of a glossary voice that will be revised by the professor and the tutor of the course.
For the learning of the discipline, video-lectures and other teaching materials are available to students on the web page of the course.
Professor and tutor will assist the students during the entire academic year through e-mail correspondence and, at the student's request.
Students will self-evaluate their level of learning and their knowledge of the discipline by answering to a number of questions concerning the contents of the course (available on the web page: “self assessment tools”).
The evaluation will consist in an oral exam (questions concerning general and specific topics addressed during the video-lectures) and, eventually, in the final discussion and evaluation of the short essay prepared by the students (see above, 4).
The acquired knowledge and competencies will allow the graduates to be employed as professional archaeologists in a wide range of potential institutions, such as those connected to cultural heritage management, protection and valorisation, e.g. museums, archaeological sites; public administrations; academic and research entities; archaeological excavations associations or cooperatives; organisations working in the field of tourism, history, architecture etc.